Name :
Recombinant Human GM-CSF/CSF2 Protein, GMP grade, HPLC-verified
Biological Activity :
Background :
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility. Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Targeted Therapy
Biological Activity :
1.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells.The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.06-0.3 ng/mL.2.Dendritic Cells (DCs) generation and maturation.CD14+ monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs by GM-CSF (Cat#GMP-10015-HNAH) and IL4 (Cat#GMP-11846-HNAE) for 6 days. DCs were matured by TNF (Cat#GMP-10602-HNAE) for 2 days.(Routinely tested)3.Dendritic Cells (DCs) generation.CD14+ monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs by GM-CSF (Cat#GMP-10015-HNAH) and IL4 (Cat#GMP-11846-HNAE) for 6 days.(Routinely tested)
Expression Host :
Human
Source :
HEK293 Cells
Tag :
Protein Accession No. :
NP_000749.2
NCBI Gene ID :
Synonyms :
Synonyms :
colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
Amino Acid Sequence :
Molecular Weight :
The recombinant human GMCSF consists of 127 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 14.5 kDa. As a result of glycosylation, it migrates as an approximately 19-29 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
Purity :
≥ 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE. ≥ 95 % as determined by SEC-HPLC.
State of Matter :
Product Concentration :
Storage and Stability :
Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20℃ to -80℃. Store it under sterile conditions at -20℃ to -80℃. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Endotoxin Level :
< 5 EU per mg of the protein.
Protein Construction :
A DNA sequence encoding human GMCSF (NP_000749.2) (Met1-Glu144) was expressed.
Buffer Solution :
Supplied as sterile PBS, pH 7.4Please contact us for any concerns or special requirements.Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hardcopy of datasheet.
Shipping :
Liquid. It is shipped out with blue ice.
Redissolution :
A hardcopy of COA with reconstitution instruction is sent along with the products. Please refer to it for detailed information.
Synonyms :
CSF2 Protein, Human; GM-CSF Protein, Human; GMCSF Protein, Human GM-CSF/CSF2 背景信息 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility. Cancer Immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy Targeted Therapy
References & Citations :
Robertson SA. (2007) GM-CSF regulation of embryo development and pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18(3-4): 287-98. Waller EK. (2007) The role of sargramostim (rhGM-CSF) as immunotherapy. Oncologist. 12 Suppl 2: 22-6. Clive KS, et al. (2010) Use of GM-CSF as an adjuvant with cancer vaccines: beneficial or detrimental? Expert Rev Vaccines. 9(5): 519-25.
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