ve coffee drinkers did not report when they last consumed coffee. None of the subjects was taking theophylline. 3/9 Caffeine and Regadenoson Response Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker 1 2 3 4 Comparison between non-coffee drinker and subject who drank coffee 1224 hours prior Comparison between non-coffee drinker and subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior Comparison between subjects who drank coffee 1224 hours and subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior Comparison between group 1, 2 and 3 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130487.t001 coffee drinkers, subjects who drank coffee 1224 hours prior and those who drank coffee more than 24 hours to stress testing. SBP change, HR change and %MPHR were significantly higher in non-coffee drinkers compared to those who drank coffee 1224 hours prior. %Change HR was not significantly different between group 1 and 2. There was no significant SB-203580 difference in SBP change, HR change, %MPHR, and %Change HR between non-coffee drinkers and those PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19709857 who drank coffee >24 hours prior. Moreover, subjects who drank coffee >24 hours prior exhibited higher SBP change and HR change as compared to those who drank coffee 1224 hours prior to testing. MPHR and %Change HR were higher among group 3 compared to group 2 but failed to achieve statistical significance . After adjusting for age, race, weight, chocolate consumption, diuretics use, history of coronary artery disease, past myocardial infarction, asthma, calcium channel blocker and beta blocker use, Change SBP, Change in HR and %MPHR remained significantly different between non-coffee drinkers and subjects who consumed coffee 1224 hours prior in multivariable regression analysis. Moreover, on multivariable regression analysis, Change SBP, 
Change HR, and % Change HR remained significantly different between subjects who drank coffee 12 24 hours and subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior. Among subjects who drank coffee 1224 hours prior to regadenoson administration, the number of coffee drinks did not have any effect on Change HR, Change SBP, MPHR and %Change HR. The number of self-reported adverse effects was lower in subjects exposed to caffeine 12 24 hours prior to regadenoson, as compared to >24 hours prior. Group 2 developed less abdominal pain, nausea and dizziness when compared to groups 1 and 3. HR: heart rate. SBP: systolic blood pressure. DBP: diastolic blood pressure. MPHR: maximal predicted heart rate. % ChangeHR: percent change in heart rate 1 2 3 4 Comparison between non-coffee PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19711918 drinker and subject who drank coffee 1224 hours prior Comparison between non-coffee drinker and subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior Comparison between subjects who drank coffee 1224 hours and subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior Comparison between group 1, 2 and 3 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130487.t002 5/9 Caffeine and Regadenoson Response Fig 1. Regadenoson Effect on SBP change, HR change, %MPHR and % changeHR According to Coffee Consumption. Group 1: non-coffee drinkers; Group 2: subjects who drank coffee 1224 hours prior to stress test; Group 3: subjects who drank coffee more than 24 hours prior to stress test. Error bars correspond to 95% confidence interval. Discussion In our study, subjects who were coffee naive or those who consumed coffee more than 24 hours prior demonstrated significantly larger change in heart rate and 1 HR: heart rate. SBP: systolic blood pressure. MPHR: maximal
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